另外,MRI DWI 像显示全脑皮质及内囊扩散受限(图 1B、C),符合脑桥外髓鞘溶解的征象。它是一种渗透性脱髓鞘综合征,通常因低钠血症纠正过快引起,影像学常表现为双侧对称的灰、白质局灶性高信号 [1,2]。目前针对该病的治疗手段尚不成熟,因此,该病的预防至关重要。有研究报道,临床表现、影像学特征对该病预后无预见作用,我们应多关注以下预测因素:格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgow Coma Scale)低、严重的低钠血症合并低钾血症均预示预后较差 [3]。
参考文献:
1. Gocht A, Colmant HJ. Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis: a report of 58 cases. Clin Neuropathol 1987;6:262–70.
2. Martin RJ. Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis: the osmotic demyelination syndromes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75(Suppl III):iii22–8.
3. Kallakatta RN, Radhakrishnan A, Fayaz RK, et al. Clinical and functional outcome and factors predicting prognosis in osmotic demyelination syndrome (central pontine and/or extrapontine myelinolysis) in 25 patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2011;82:326–31.